Prehistoric Settlements in South Tyrol: A Journey into the Origins of Humanity
South Tyrol preserves a unique archaeological heritage, with extraordinary prehistoric settlements. Visiting them means delving into the deepest roots of human history, discovering how our ancestors managed to live in what were often harsh environments. A journey into the past that fascinates and surprises, revealing the incredible adaptability of prehistoric humans.
Life on the Plateaus and Millennia-Old Traces
In ancient times, settlements were often located on higher plateaus, inhabited both by humans and wild animals. These sites offered more favourable conditions than the valley floors, ensuring both safety and a healthier climate.
An extraordinary example of high-altitude prehistoric settlement is the Ursus ladinicus, a species of cave bear whose remains were found in the Conturines mountains in the Upper Val Badia, at an altitude of 2,800 metres. This discovery demonstrates that the region was inhabited since ancient times, even in environments that might seem hostile.
Ötzi: The Iceman of the Similaun — A Bridge to the Past
One of the most extraordinary discoveries related to prehistoric settlements in South Tyrol is undoubtedly that of Ötzi, also known as the Similaun Iceman. Found in 1991 at over 3,200 metres above sea level, between Val Senales and the Ötztal Valley, this perfectly preserved body dates back to around 5,300 years ago.
Ötzi is a crucial testimony to life during the Copper Age, providing unique details about the tools, clothing and habits of prehistoric peoples.
His body, exhibited at the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology in Bolzano, continues to fascinate scholars and visitors from all over the world, revealing new insights into daily life, disease and survival techniques of prehistoric humans.
Dolmens and Places of Worship
In South Tyrol, archaeologists have discovered dolmens and megalithic structures — evidence of ancient rites and beliefs. These sites, often located on scenic heights, were likely used for religious ceremonies and astronomical observations.
Their strategic positioning suggests they were chosen for both spiritual and practical reasons, linked to sky visibility and the cult of ancestors. Some findings show traces of votive offerings and rock engravings, elements that help researchers reconstruct the beliefs of ancient Alpine populations.
A Heritage to Discover and Protect
The prehistoric settlements of South Tyrol tell a millennia-old story of challenges, discoveries and adaptation. From highland refuges to traces left by ancient peoples, every finding brings us closer to a fascinating past that is still partly hidden.
Today, thanks to archaeological research and the protection of these sites, we can embark on a unique journey through the roots of Alpine civilisation. Visiting museums, exploring archaeological areas and admiring artefacts like Ötzi allow us to better understand humanity’s origins and its relationship with the land.
South Tyrol is not only a land of extraordinary natural beauty, but also an open-air museum preserving ancient secrets, ready to be discovered by anyone willing to explore them with curiosity and respect.